Cell Structure and Functions

 1. What is a Cell? 🧬

• The cell is the basic unit of life
• All living things are made of cells🪴👣

Functions: Growth, Reproduction, Energy production 💫

Main Cell Organlles and Their Functions 

a) Nucleus 🧠

• It controls all cell activities .
• It contains DNA.
• Surrounded by nuclear membrane with pores
  

b) Cytoplasm 💧

• Jelly-like substance
• Holds organlles in place
• Allows chemical reactions.

c) Cell Membrane 🛡

• A semi - permeable layer controlling entry/exit of substances. 
• Protects the cell

d) Mitochondria ✨

• Produces energy (ATP) 
• Powerhouse of the cell

e) Ribosomes 

• Makes protein
• Free in Cytoplasm or attached to rough ER

f) ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum) 

•  Rough ER - Proteins
• Smooth ER - lipids and detoxification 

g) Golgi Aparatus 📦

• Packages and transport materials

h) Vacoules 💧

• Stores water and nutrients 
• Large in plants, small in animals.

i) Lysosomes 🧹

• Digests waste

j) Chloroplasts (Plant cell only) 

• Photosynthesis, contains chlorophyll.

k) Cell wall (plant cells only ) 

• Rigid layer, supports plant cells.

Differences Between Plant and Animal Cells 

feature                         Plant cell                                        Animal cell 

Cell Wall

Present

Absent

Chloroplast

Present

Absent

Vacuole

Large central

Small, many

Shape

Rectangular

Rounded/irregular